Flat bones are a type of bone characterized by their thin, flattened shape. They provide protection to vital organs and serve as attachment points for muscles. Examples of flat bones include the skull, sternum, and ribs. Their structure allows them to absorb impact and distribute stress effectively. These bones are primarily composed of two layers of compact bone surrounding a layer of spongy bone, which adds strength while keeping them lightweight. Flat bones play a crucial role in the body's overall framework and are essential for maintaining posture and supporting various bodily functions.