Flame retardants are chemical substances added to materials to slow down or prevent the spread of fire. They are commonly used in products like furniture, electronics, and textiles to enhance safety and reduce the risk of fire-related injuries and property damage. These chemicals work by either releasing water vapor when heated or forming a protective char layer that insulates the material from flames. There are various types of flame retardants, including halogenated compounds, phosphorus-based compounds, and nitrogen-based compounds. While they are effective in improving fire safety, some flame retardants have raised environmental and health concerns, leading to ongoing research and regulation in their use.