Firmware is a type of software that is embedded directly into hardware devices. It provides the necessary instructions for how the device operates and interacts with other components. Unlike regular software that can be easily updated or changed, firmware is often stored in non-volatile memory, meaning it remains intact even when the device is powered off. Common examples of devices that use firmware include routers, printers, and smartphones. Firmware updates can improve performance, fix bugs, or add new features, but they typically require specific procedures to install, as they are closely tied to the hardware they control.