Fertile soil is a type of soil that is rich in nutrients, making it ideal for growing plants. It contains essential elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which help plants thrive. Fertile soil also has a good structure, allowing for proper drainage and air circulation, which are important for root development. In addition to nutrients, fertile soil often has a healthy population of microorganisms that break down organic matter, further enriching the soil. This organic matter, such as decomposed leaves and animal waste, improves soil texture and moisture retention, creating a supportive environment for various types of crops and vegetation.