Ferroelectric materials are substances that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they can maintain an electric charge even in the absence of an external electric field. This property arises from the alignment of electric dipoles within the material, which can be reversed by applying an external electric field. Common examples of ferroelectric materials include barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate. These materials have various applications in electronics, such as in capacitors, sensors, and actuators. Their ability to switch polarization quickly makes them useful in memory devices, where data can be stored and retrieved efficiently. Ferroelectric materials are also being explored for use in energy harvesting technologies.