Dielectric materials are insulating substances that do not conduct electricity but can store electrical energy when subjected to an electric field. They are characterized by their ability to polarize, meaning their molecules can align in response to an electric field, which helps to reduce the overall electric field within the material. Common examples of dielectric materials include ceramics, glass, and plastic. These materials are essential in various applications, particularly in capacitors, where they are used to separate conductive plates and enhance energy storage. The effectiveness of a dielectric material is often measured by its dielectric constant, which indicates how well it can store electrical energy compared to a vacuum.