Federal laws are rules and regulations created by the national government of a country. In the United States, these laws are established by the Congress, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Federal laws apply to all states and can cover a wide range of issues, including civil rights, taxation, and immigration. Once passed by Congress, federal laws are signed by the President and become enforceable across the nation. They can be challenged in court, and the Supreme Court has the authority to interpret these laws and determine their constitutionality.