Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a medical treatment that provides temporary support for patients with severe heart and lung problems. It works by removing blood from the body, oxygenating it, and then returning it, allowing the heart and lungs to rest and heal. ECMO is often used in critical care settings, such as during cardiac surgery or for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The procedure requires specialized equipment and a trained medical team to monitor the patient and ensure the system functions properly.