Exercise physiology is the study of how the body responds and adapts to physical activity. It examines the functions of various systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems, during exercise. This field helps us understand how exercise affects health, performance, and overall well-being. Researchers in exercise physiology analyze factors such as energy production, muscle contraction, and recovery processes. They use this knowledge to develop training programs, improve athletic performance, and promote fitness among different populations, including athletes and those with chronic diseases.