Evolutionary adaptations are traits that have developed in a species over time, allowing them to better survive and reproduce in their environment. These changes can occur in physical characteristics, behaviors, or physiological processes. For example, the long neck of a giraffe helps it reach high leaves, while the thick fur of a polar bear keeps it warm in cold climates. Adaptations arise through the process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits to their offspring. Over generations, these beneficial adaptations become more common within a population, leading to the evolution of the species.