The equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. It is located at 0 degrees latitude and is the widest part of the Earth, circling the globe. The equator is significant because it receives direct sunlight throughout the year, resulting in a warm climate and minimal seasonal changes. Countries that lie along the equator include Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Kenya, and Indonesia. These regions typically experience tropical rainforests and diverse ecosystems. The equator also plays a crucial role in global weather patterns and ocean currents, influencing climate around the world.