An equation is a mathematical statement that shows the equality of two expressions. It typically contains variables, numbers, and operations, and is often written in the form of "A = B," where A and B represent different mathematical expressions. Equations are used to solve problems and find unknown values. Equations can be simple, like x + 2 = 5, or more complex, involving multiple variables and operations. They are fundamental in various fields, including algebra, physics, and engineering, as they help describe relationships and changes in quantities. Understanding equations is essential for solving mathematical problems.