An epidural is a type of anesthesia commonly used during childbirth to relieve pain. It involves injecting medication into the epidural space, which is the area surrounding the spinal cord. This numbs the lower part of the body, allowing women to experience labor with reduced discomfort while still being awake and alert. The procedure is typically performed by an anesthesiologist or a specially trained nurse. While epidurals are generally safe, they can have side effects, such as a drop in blood pressure or headaches. It's important for patients to discuss the benefits and risks with their healthcare provider before opting for this pain relief method.