An epidural is a type of anesthesia commonly used during childbirth and certain surgeries. It involves injecting medication into the epidural space of the spine, which numbs the lower body. This allows patients to remain awake and alert while experiencing reduced pain. The procedure typically involves a healthcare provider inserting a thin catheter into the epidural space. This catheter can deliver continuous pain relief as needed. Epidurals are generally considered safe, but like any medical procedure, they may have potential risks and side effects, which should be discussed with a healthcare professional.