An electron beam is a stream of electrons that are emitted from a source and directed in a specific path, often using electric or magnetic fields. These beams are commonly used in various applications, including scanning electron microscopy and cathode ray tubes, where they help create images or display information. In industrial settings, electron beams can be utilized for processes like electron beam welding and electron beam lithography. The focused energy of the beam allows for precise material processing, making it valuable in manufacturing and research.