Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses electricity to break down compounds into their individual elements. It typically occurs in a liquid solution called an electrolyte, which conducts electricity. During electrolysis, an electric current is passed through the solution, causing chemical reactions at the electrodes, which are the conductive materials that facilitate the flow of electricity. This process is commonly used in various applications, such as extracting metals from ores, purifying metals, and producing gases like hydrogen and oxygen. Electrolysis plays a crucial role in industries, including metal refining and water splitting, contributing to advancements in energy and materials science.