An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a type of furnace that uses electrical energy to melt and refine metals, primarily steel. It operates by creating an electric arc between graphite electrodes and the metal charge, generating intense heat that can reach temperatures of over 1,600 degrees Celsius. EAFs are commonly used in recycling scrap metal, making them an essential part of the steelmaking process. EAFs are known for their efficiency and flexibility, allowing for the production of various steel grades. They can be powered by renewable energy sources, making them a more environmentally friendly option compared to traditional blast furnaces. This technology has gained popularity due to its lower carbon footprint and ability to utilize recycled materials.