An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a type of furnace that uses electrical energy to melt and refine metals, primarily steel. It operates by creating an electric arc between graphite electrodes and the metal charge, generating intense heat that can reach temperatures of over 1,600 degrees Celsius. This method is efficient and environmentally friendly compared to traditional methods, as it can recycle scrap metal. EAFs are widely used in the steelmaking industry due to their flexibility and ability to produce high-quality steel. They can quickly adjust to different production needs and are often powered by renewable energy sources, making them a sustainable choice for metal production.