Ectomycorrhizal fungi are a type of fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the roots of many trees and shrubs. They create a protective sheath around the root tips and extend their hyphae into the surrounding soil, enhancing nutrient and water absorption for the plant. In return, the plant provides the fungi with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis. These fungi are crucial for the health of forest ecosystems, as they help trees access essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. Common trees associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi include pines, oaks, and birches. This partnership supports biodiversity and contributes to soil health.