Fungal ecology is the study of how fungi interact with their environment and other organisms. Fungi play crucial roles in ecosystems as decomposers, breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the soil. This process supports plant growth and maintains soil health, making fungi essential for ecosystem stability. Additionally, fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants, such as mycorrhizae, where they enhance nutrient absorption in exchange for carbohydrates. They also interact with bacteria and other microorganisms, influencing community dynamics and nutrient cycling. Understanding fungal ecology helps scientists address environmental issues and improve agricultural practices.