Ecological models are simplified representations of complex ecological systems that help scientists understand interactions between organisms and their environment. These models can take various forms, including mathematical equations, computer simulations, or conceptual diagrams. They are used to predict outcomes, assess the impact of changes, and guide conservation efforts. There are different types of ecological models, such as population models, which focus on the dynamics of species populations, and ecosystem models, which examine energy flow and nutrient cycling. By using these models, researchers can explore scenarios like the effects of climate change or habitat destruction on biodiversity and ecosystem health.