Earthquake simulation models are computer programs designed to replicate the effects of earthquakes on structures and landscapes. These models use data from past earthquakes, including seismic waves and ground motion, to predict how buildings and infrastructure will respond during an actual event. By simulating different scenarios, engineers can assess vulnerabilities and improve safety measures. Researchers and engineers utilize these models to test various designs and materials, ensuring that structures can withstand seismic forces. The results help inform building codes and urban planning, ultimately aiming to reduce damage and enhance public safety in earthquake-prone areas.