Drainage refers to the process of removing excess water from an area, typically to prevent flooding and manage water flow. It involves systems like drainage ditches, pipes, and culverts that direct water away from roads, fields, and buildings. Proper drainage is essential for agriculture, construction, and urban planning. Effective drainage helps maintain soil health and prevents waterlogging, which can damage crops and infrastructure. It also plays a crucial role in managing stormwater runoff, reducing erosion, and protecting water quality in nearby rivers and lakes. Properly designed drainage systems contribute to sustainable land use and environmental protection.