The dorsal columns are a pair of pathways located in the spinal cord that carry sensory information from the body to the brain. They primarily transmit signals related to touch, pressure, and proprioception, which is the sense of body position. These pathways are essential for coordinating movement and maintaining balance. The dorsal columns consist of two main tracts: the gracile fasciculus and the cuneate fasciculus. The gracile fasciculus carries information from the lower body, while the cuneate fasciculus transmits signals from the upper body. This organization allows the brain to process sensory information accurately and efficiently.