The domestic dog, known scientifically as Canis lupus familiaris, is a subspecies of the gray wolf. They have been bred for thousands of years for various traits, resulting in a wide range of breeds with different sizes, shapes, and temperaments. Dogs are known for their loyalty and companionship, making them popular pets around the world. Dogs are social animals that thrive on interaction with humans and other animals. They communicate through barks, growls, and body language. In addition to being companions, dogs can serve various roles, such as service animals, therapy dogs, and working dogs in fields like search and rescue.