Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of dilute urine. It occurs when the body does not produce enough of the hormone vasopressin, which helps regulate water balance. This can lead to dehydration if fluid intake does not keep up with urine output. There are two main types of diabetes insipidus: central diabetes insipidus, which is caused by damage to the pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, where the kidneys do not respond properly to vasopressin. Treatment often involves managing symptoms and ensuring adequate hydration.