Central diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of dilute urine. It occurs when the body does not produce enough of the hormone vasopressin, which helps regulate water balance. This deficiency is often due to damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, which can result from injury, surgery, or certain diseases. Symptoms include frequent urination and extreme thirst, leading to dehydration if not managed. Diagnosis typically involves urine tests and blood tests to measure hormone levels. Treatment often includes hormone replacement therapy to help control symptoms and maintain proper hydration.