Demographic information refers to statistical data that describes a population's characteristics. This includes details such as age, gender, income level, education, and marital status. Such information helps researchers and policymakers understand the makeup of a community or group, which can influence decisions in areas like healthcare, education, and urban planning. Collecting demographic information often involves surveys and censuses, which gather data from individuals. For example, the U.S. Census Bureau conducts a nationwide census every ten years to collect this type of information. Analyzing demographic data can reveal trends and patterns that are essential for effective resource allocation and social services.