Demographic data refers to statistical information about a population's characteristics. This includes details such as age, gender, income, education level, and ethnicity. Such data helps researchers, businesses, and governments understand the makeup of a community or region, allowing for informed decision-making and planning. This type of data is often collected through surveys, censuses, and administrative records. For example, the U.S. Census Bureau gathers demographic data every ten years to provide insights into the population's changes over time. This information is crucial for resource allocation, policy development, and market analysis.