The deep peroneal nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve, which originates from the lumbar and sacral plexus. It primarily innervates the muscles in the front of the lower leg, including those responsible for dorsiflexion, which is the action of lifting the foot upwards. This nerve also provides sensory information to the skin between the first and second toes. Injury or compression of the deep peroneal nerve can lead to conditions such as foot drop, where the individual struggles to lift the front part of the foot. This can affect walking and balance, making it important for proper functioning of the lower limb.