De-icing agents are substances used to remove or prevent the formation of ice on surfaces, particularly roads, sidewalks, and runways. Common de-icing agents include sodium chloride (table salt), calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. These materials work by lowering the freezing point of water, making it harder for ice to form and easier to melt existing ice. In addition to traditional salts, some de-icing agents are more environmentally friendly, such as potassium acetate and urea. These alternatives are often used in sensitive areas, like near water bodies or in urban settings, to minimize ecological impact while still ensuring safety during winter conditions.