Cyclooxygenase, often abbreviated as COX, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the conversion of fatty acids into prostaglandins, which are compounds involved in inflammation, pain, and fever. There are two main types of cyclooxygenase: COX-1, which is generally involved in maintaining normal physiological functions, and COX-2, which is primarily expressed during inflammation. Inhibiting cyclooxygenase can reduce pain and inflammation, making COX inhibitors, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, common choices for treating conditions like arthritis and headaches. Understanding the function of cyclooxygenase is essential for developing effective anti-inflammatory medications.