Cross-coupling reactions are a type of chemical reaction that allows the formation of carbon-carbon bonds by joining two different organic molecules. These reactions typically involve a metal catalyst, such as palladium or nickel, which facilitates the coupling process. Cross-coupling is widely used in organic synthesis to create complex molecules, making it essential in fields like pharmaceuticals and materials science. One of the most common types of cross-coupling reactions is the Suzuki reaction, where a boronic acid reacts with an organic halide. This method is favored for its efficiency and ability to produce a variety of products, contributing significantly to advancements in synthetic chemistry.