Cow dung is the waste produced by cows, primarily consisting of undigested food, water, and bacteria. It is often used as a natural fertilizer in agriculture due to its rich nutrient content, which helps improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. Additionally, cow dung can be used to create biogas, a renewable energy source, through anaerobic digestion. In many cultures, particularly in rural areas, cow dung is also used for building materials and as a fuel source. It can be mixed with mud to create walls and floors, providing insulation and protection from pests. Furthermore, cow dung is sometimes used in traditional medicine and rituals, highlighting its significance in various societies.