Cortical bone, also known as compact bone, is the dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and support. It forms the hard structure of bones and is crucial for protecting the inner bone tissue. This type of bone is primarily composed of tightly packed cells and mineralized matrix, which gives it its rigidity. Cortical bone is essential for weight-bearing and movement, as it helps maintain the shape of the skeleton. It is found in long bones, such as the femur and humerus, and plays a vital role in overall bone health and function.