Construct validity refers to the extent to which a test or measurement accurately represents the theoretical concept it is intended to measure. It ensures that the tool effectively captures the underlying construct, such as intelligence, anxiety, or motivation, rather than unrelated factors. To establish construct validity, researchers often use various methods, including correlation with other established measures, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing. These approaches help confirm that the test aligns with the theoretical framework and behaves as expected in different contexts, providing confidence in the results obtained from the measurement.