A computer component is a part of a computer system that contributes to its overall functionality. Common components include the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), and hard drive. Each component plays a specific role, such as processing data, storing information, or managing tasks. These components work together to enable the computer to perform various functions, from running software applications to connecting to the internet. Understanding these parts helps users make informed decisions when building or upgrading their computers, ensuring optimal performance and compatibility.