A computer algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem. Algorithms are fundamental to computer science and are used in various applications, from simple calculations to complex data processing. They can be expressed in different forms, such as natural language, pseudocode, or programming languages like Python or Java. Algorithms can be categorized into different types, including sorting algorithms, search algorithms, and optimization algorithms. Each type serves a unique purpose, such as organizing data or finding the best solution among many options. Understanding algorithms is essential for developing efficient software and improving computational performance.