Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different organisms. By examining the anatomical features of various species, scientists can understand how these structures have evolved over time. This field helps in identifying common ancestors and understanding the functional adaptations of different species. Researchers often compare the anatomy of vertebrates, such as humans, dogs, and birds, to highlight evolutionary relationships. For example, the forelimbs of these animals have different functions but share a similar bone structure, indicating a common evolutionary origin. This knowledge contributes to fields like evolutionary biology and paleontology.