Communication protocols are standardized rules that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. They ensure that devices, such as computers and smartphones, can understand each other and exchange information effectively. Examples of communication protocols include HTTP for web browsing and TCP/IP for internet communication. These protocols define aspects like data format, timing, and error handling, making it easier for different systems to work together. By following these guidelines, developers can create applications that communicate seamlessly, enhancing user experience and ensuring reliable data transfer across various platforms and devices.