Columbite is a black mineral that primarily consists of iron, manganese, and niobium. It is often found in granitic and pegmatitic rocks and is an important source of niobium, a metal used in various alloys and electronics. Columbite is typically associated with other minerals such as tantalite and can be identified by its high density and distinctive crystal structure. The mineral is named after Columbia, the historical name for the United States, where it was first discovered. Columbite is often mined in countries like Brazil and Nigeria, where it occurs in significant quantities. Its extraction is vital for industries that rely on niobium for producing high-strength steel and superconductors.