Color centers in diamonds are specific defects in the crystal structure that can absorb certain wavelengths of light, resulting in various colors. These defects occur when atoms in the diamond lattice are missing or replaced by other atoms, creating a localized area that interacts with light differently. The most common color centers include the nitrogen vacancy center, which can give diamonds a yellow hue, and the boron center, which can produce blue diamonds. These color centers are essential for understanding the unique colors of diamonds and play a significant role in the gemstone's overall value and appeal.