Cold receptors are specialized nerve endings in the skin that detect changes in temperature. They respond to cooler temperatures, typically becoming active when the skin temperature drops below around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). These receptors help the body sense cold environments, allowing for appropriate responses to avoid potential harm from extreme cold. When cold receptors are activated, they send signals to the brain, which interprets these signals as the sensation of cold. This process is essential for maintaining body temperature and protecting the body from cold-related injuries, such as frostbite. The primary type of cold receptor is known as TRPM8, a protein that plays a crucial role in temperature sensation.