A circuit board is a flat piece of material, usually made of fiberglass or plastic, that connects various electronic components. These components, such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits, are attached to the board and work together to perform specific functions in devices like computers, smartphones, and televisions. The connections between these components are made using conductive pathways, often made of copper. Circuit boards come in different types, including printed circuit boards (PCBs) and flexible circuit boards. They are essential in modern electronics, allowing for compact designs and efficient operation. The design and manufacturing of circuit boards are crucial for ensuring that electronic devices function correctly and reliably.