Ciliates are a group of single-celled organisms belonging to the phylum Ciliophora. They are characterized by the presence of tiny hair-like structures called cilia, which they use for movement and feeding. Ciliates can be found in various environments, including freshwater, saltwater, and soil, and they play important roles in aquatic ecosystems. These organisms are known for their complex cellular structures, often featuring multiple nuclei and specialized organelles. Ciliates reproduce mainly through a process called binary fission, where one cell divides into two. Some ciliates also engage in a form of sexual reproduction known as conjugation, allowing for genetic exchange between individuals.