Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction commonly used by single-celled organisms, such as bacteria. In this process, a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. The cell first duplicates its genetic material, then elongates and splits down the middle, resulting in two separate cells that are genetically identical to the original. This method allows for rapid population growth, as each new cell can also reproduce through binary fission. It is an efficient way for organisms to multiply in favorable environments, contributing to the success of many prokaryotic life forms on Earth.