Chemical principles refer to the fundamental concepts that govern the behavior of matter and its interactions. These principles include the structure of atoms, the nature of chemical bonds, and the laws of thermodynamics. Understanding these concepts helps explain how substances react, change, and form new materials. Key chemical principles also encompass the periodic table, which organizes elements based on their properties, and stoichiometry, which involves calculating the quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions. These foundational ideas are essential for fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science.