Cheese mountains refer to large piles or formations of cheese, often created during the cheese-making process or as a result of cheese production. These formations can occur in factories where excess cheese is stored or during events like cheese festivals, where large wheels of cheese are displayed. In some regions, cheese mountains can also be a metaphor for the surplus of cheese produced, particularly in countries known for their dairy industry, such as the United States or France. This surplus can lead to economic challenges, prompting discussions about cheese distribution and consumption.