Ceramic glazes are liquid mixtures applied to the surface of pottery and ceramics before firing in a kiln. They serve both decorative and functional purposes, providing color, texture, and a waterproof finish. Glazes can be made from various materials, including silica, alumina, and fluxes, which help the glaze melt and adhere to the clay body during the firing process. Once applied, the glaze undergoes a chemical transformation when heated, resulting in a glass-like surface. Different firing temperatures and techniques can produce a wide range of effects, making each piece unique. Artists often experiment with various combinations to achieve desired results.