Cellular stress refers to a condition where cells experience harmful changes due to various internal or external factors. These factors can include oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation, or exposure to toxins. When cells are stressed, they may struggle to function properly, which can lead to damage or even cell death. Cells have mechanisms to cope with stress, such as activating stress response pathways that help restore balance. If the stress is too severe or prolonged, it can contribute to various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding cellular stress is crucial for developing treatments and improving health outcomes.